M. Garcia-carrasco et al., Cryoglobulinemia in systemic lupus erythematosus: Prevalence and clinical characteristics in a series of 122 patients, SEM ARTH RH, 30(5), 2001, pp. 366-373
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and nature of cryoglobulins in 122
patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and identify the clinical
and immunologic features related to their presence.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we investigated 122 consecutive patien
ts (106 women and 16 men) with SLE who fulfilled the 1982 revised criteria
of the American College of Rheumatology for the classification of SLE. All
patients had documented medical histories and underwent a medical interview
as well as a routine general physical examination by a qualified internist
, and their clinical and serologic characteristics were collected on a prot
ocol form. Serum samples were obtained at 37 degreesC, and cryoglobulinemia
was estimated by centrifugation at 4 degreesC after incubation for 7 days
in all patients. The type of cryoglobulinemia was identified by agarose gel
electrophoresis and immunofixation.
Results: Cryoglobulins were detected in the sera of 31 SLE patients (25%):
20 patients (65%) had a cryocrit lower than 1%, 8 (26%) had percentages ran
ging between 1% and 5%, and only 3 patients (9%) had a cryocrit over 5%. On
ly cutaneous vasculitis (39% v 16%; P = .01) was more prevalent in patients
with than in those without cryoglobulins, Rheumatoid factor (RF) (42% v 15
%; P = .002) and low CH50 levels (84% v 49%; P < .001) were more prevalent
in SLE patients with cryoglobulins. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was i
nvestigated in 24 of the 31 cryoglobulinemic SLE patients and was detected
in 5 (21%). In comparison, 4 (5%) of the 75 noncryoglobulinemic SLE patient
s studied were positive (P = 0.035; odds ratio, 4.67). Patients with a cryo
crit greater than 1% showed a higher frequency of HCV infection than those
with a cryocrit less than or equal to 1% (46% v 0%, P = .01).
Conclusions: Cutaneous vasculitis, RF, hypocomplementemia, and HCV infectio
n were associated with cryoglobulins in SLE patients. Testing for HCV infec
tion is therefore recommended for patients with SLE and cryoglobulinemia to
identify this subset of patients for prognostic and therapeutic reasons.
Semin Arthritis Rheum 30:366-373. Copyright (C) 2001 by W.B. Saunders Compa
ny.