Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active grafters of their work

We propose that employees craft their jobs by changing cognitive, task, and /or relational boundaries to shape interactions and relationships with othe rs at work. These altered task and relational configurations change the des ign and social environment of the job, which, in turn, alters work meanings and work identity. We offer a model of job crafting that specifies (1) the individual motivations that spark this activity, (2) how opportunities to job craft and how individual work orientations determine the forms job craf ting takes, and (3) its likely individual and organizational effects.