A fractal approach to the features of speech consonants

Fractal dimension (D) quantifies the roughness of a temporal signal and est imates its degree of freedom, allowing a good approach for its fluctuations . This present study of consonants follows the D-assessment of vowels which was presented at the Copenhagen Collegium Meeting. Using a 16 kHz time sam pling the D-values of consonants were studied in the consonant-vowel contex t of the French language. Each consonant was pronounced four times by six m ales and six females. For D-measurement of long consonants the same method was used, i.e. the dyadic box-counting method and its 10 points of D-measur ement (10pD) as that used for vowels. In the aim to approach infinitely sma ll time scales, and to appreciate at least the tendency of the 10-point set , i.e. the D value to which tends this set, the slope of the three last poi nts (3pD) was also calculated. For the plosion part of plosive consonants, a semi-continuous box-counting method devoted to the D-measurement of a sho rt, single-dimension temporal signal was designed. This study consistently demonstrates that (i) there is a significant difference between males and f emales, as far as voiced and non-plosive consonants are concerned; (ii) plo sive consonants are not fractal, (iii) among long consonants, D-value of fr icatives are significantly different (p < 0.01), as far as 3pD measurement is considered; and (iv) in the case of nasal consonants [m] and [n], this c ategorization is efficient for both 3pD and 10pD measurements (p < 0.05). T here results will be commented on and discussed with the aim of clinical us e.