C-peptide determinations in islet xenotransplantation: A study in the pig-to-mouse model

Assays of C-peptide are used to monitor allogeneic islet graft function. Ho wever, it is not known whether xenogeneic C-peptide is metabolized and excr eted in a fashion similar to endogenous and allogeneic C-peptide. In this s tudy, injection of 10 times the physiological amount of porcine C-peptide i nto mice did not result in the excretion of the C-peptide in the urine. In contrast, when a physiological amount of porcine C-peptide was injected int o athymic mice, urinary excretion of porcine C-peptide was readily detected . After injection of radioactively labeled porcine C-peptide into mice, the radioactive uptake in tissues belonging to the mononuclear phagocytic syst em was significantly increased in mice immunized towards the xenogeneic C-p eptide. These results may reflect an immunological reactivity towards the C -peptide. Antibodies against porcine C-peptide could not be detected in the serum of any of the mice. However, porcine C-peptide was found to be glyco sylated. Thus, a possible explanation to the lack of porcine C-peptide in t he urine is that xenoreactive antibodies had bound to carbohydrate structur es on the peptide and that the antibody-C-peptide complex had been cleared from the circulation by the mononuclear phagocytic system. Thus, the urinar y excretion of xenogeneic C-peptide seems to be different from that of endo genous and allogeneic C-peptide. Consequently, determinations of donor-spec ific C-peptide may not properly reflect islet xenograft function. In fact, islet xenograft function may be underestimated.