Effective elastic properties of solid clays

Clay minerals are perhaps the most abundant materials in the earth's upper crust. As such, their elastic properties are extremely important in seismic exploration, seismic reservoir characterization, and sonic-log interpretat ion. Because little exists in the literature on elastic properties of clays , we have designed a method of measuring effective elastic properties of so lid clays (clays without pores). In this method, clay minerals are mixed wi th a material with known elastic properties to make composite samples. Elas tic properties of these clay minerals are then inverted from the measured e lastic properties of the composite samples using the weighted Hashin-Shtrik man average. Using this method, we have measured 66 samples of 16 types of clays. In thi s paper, we present a comprehensive data set of elastic properties of solid clays that commonly occur in, or are related to, petroleum reservoirs. Alt hough uncertainties (up to 10%) exist, the data set reported here is by far the most comprehensive set of elastic properties in the literature. These data can be used potentially in modeling the seismic properties of clay-bea ring rocks.