Arrayed waveguide dynamic gain equalization filter with reduced insertion loss and increased dynamic range

We present an arrayed waveguide dynamic gain equalization filter with less than 4.5-dB insertion loss and greater than 14-dB dynamic range over the C- band resulting from three improvements: a circulator and polarization split ter combined into one, used to make the device polarization insensitive; se gmentation in the star coupler transition regions; and an exponential contr ol wavelength distribution.