A recent case of infant botulism in a 10 week old male is described. T
he disease was suspected since other diagnostic hypotheses were not co
nfirmed by laboratory and instrumental findings. Microbiological inves
tigation showed the presence of type B botulinal toxin and C. botulinu
m strain in sequential stool samples. No botulinal toxin was found in
serum samples and electromyography was not useful for diagnostic purpo
se. The difficulty of an exact diagnosis might suggest that infant bot
ulism in Italy is underestimated.