The synthetic cytokinin CPPU increases fruit size and yield of 'Spadona' and 'Costia' pear (Pyrus communis L.)

The effects of the synthetic cytokinin CPPU, derived from phenylurea, on fr uit size and yield of the small-fruited, low-chilling requiring 'Spadona' a nd 'Costia' pears, were examined in Israel. CPPU caused appreciable increas es in fruit size of both cultivars, when applied at 10-20 ppm, two weeks af ter full bloom, whereas application after four weeks gave only small effect s or none. The effect of CPPU on fruit growth was already evident two month s after application, when the fruits reached 35-40 mm in diameter. The larg e increase in fruit size occurred without thinning and, therefore it must b e attributed directly to the effect of CPPU. CPPU increased fruit size with no influence on fruit shape, seed number and it did not reduce return bloo m in the following spring. A semi-commercial application of 10 ppm CPPU inc reased fruit size by 40% in 'Spadona' and 80% in 'Costia' with an increase of about 50% in the total yield of each cultivar. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of CPPU in these pear cultivars and show that it has a si gnificant potential to improve cropping, without any negative aspects.