The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between sed
iment composition and biological community structure in mixed sands and gra
vel deposits of the eastern English Channel. Although some species are clea
rly associated with particular sediment types, the results confirm the lack
of correspondence between community composition of the benthos and particl
e size distribution in unconsolidated sand and gravel deposits. The results
also suggest that sample-to-sample variability commonly recorded in the sp
ecies composition of macrofauna may reflect significant under-sampling by c
onventional grab sampling techniques. The implications of this for environm
ental monitoring and impact studies is discussed.