H. Bai et Bg. Thomas, Turbulent flow of liquid steel and argon bubbles in slide-gate tundish nozzles: Part II. Effect of operation conditions and nozzle design, MET MAT T B, 32(2), 2001, pp. 269-284
Citations number
21
Categorie Soggetti
Metallurgy
Journal title
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
A three-dimensional (3-D) finite-volume model, developed and validated in P
art I of this two-part article, is employed to study steady-state two-phase
turbulent flow of liquid steel and argon bubbles through slide-gate tundis
h nozzles. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effects of g
as injection, slide-gate orientation, casting speed, gate opening, bubble s
ize, port angle, and port shape on the flow pattern and characteristics of
the jet exiting the nozzle port. Argon gas injection bends the jet angle up
ward, enhances the turbulence level, and reduces the size of the backflow z
one. Gas injection becomes less influential with increasing casting speed.
The off-center blocking effect of the slide gate generates an asymmetric fl
ow that changes with the gate orientation. The 0-deg gate orientation creat
es the worst biased flow between the two ports. The 90-deg orientation gene
rates significant swirl and directs the jet slightly toward one of the wide
faces. The 45-deg orientation generates both types of asymmetry and, thus,
appears undesirable. The horizontal jet angle indicates asymmetric flow in
the horizontal plane. It increases with decreasing gate opening and decrea
sing gas injection rate and ranges from 3 to 5 deg. Most jet characteristic
s reach their maximum or minimum values near the critical opening of 60 pct
(linear). Larger bubbles exert a greater influence on the flow pattern. Th
e vertical jet angle becomes steeper with a steeper port angle and more sle
nder port shape. These results will be useful for nozzle design and for fut
ure modeling of flow in the mold.