Mapping the distribution of doping elements in electrolytically doped manganese dioxide by EFTEM and EELS

Energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and electron ener gy-loss spectrometry (EELS) have been used to measure the distribution of t itanium in titanium-doped electrolytic manganese dioxide, which consists of large particle agglomerates of some micrometer diameter. In contrast to pr evious investigations, where the distribution of the doping elements can on ly be investigated at the thinnest regions of the agglomerates, we describe an improved procedure which allows to measure the concentration of the dop ant not only at the thinner edges of the particle agglomerate, but also in the interior. The titanium distribution maps showed that titanium is enrich ed on the surface of the agglomerates and in pores penetrating into their i nterior. Within the agglomerates, titanium is evenly distributed, and in ma nganese dioxide the titanium concentration could be analyzed quantitatively by EELS spectrometry. Based on these results, suggestions for possible imp rovements of the doping process and for the preparation of the product are given.