M. Zaaroor et al., Novel magnetic technology for intraoperative intracranial frameless navigation: In vivo and in vitro results, NEUROSURGER, 48(5), 2001, pp. 1100-1107
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the accuracy of the Magellan electromagnetic nav
igation system (Biosense Webster, Tirat HaCarmel, Israel) and to demonstrat
e the feasibility of its use in image-guided neurosurgical applications.
DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTATION: The Magellan system was developed to provid
e real-time tracking of the distal tips of flexible catheters, steerable en
doscopes, and other surgical instruments, using ultra-low electromagnetic f
ields and a novel miniature position sensor for image-correlated intraopera
tive navigation and mapping applications.
METHODS: An image registration procedure was performed, and static and qual
itative accuracies were assessed in a series of phantom, animal, and human
neurosurgical studies.
EXPERIENCE AND RESULTS: During the human study phase, an accuracy error of
up to 5 mm was deemed acceptable. Results demonstrated that this degree of
accuracy was maintained throughout all procedures. All anatomic landmarks w
ere reached with precision and were accurately viewed on the display screen
. Navigation that relied on the system was also successful. No interference
with operating room equipment was noted. The accuracy of the system was ma
intained during regular surgical procedures, using standard surgical tools.
CONCLUSION: The system provides precise lesion localization without limitin
g the line of vision, the mobility of the surgeon, or the flexibility of in
struments. Electromagnetic navigation promises new advances in neuronavigat
ion and frameless stereotactic surgery.