Y. Kita et al., A novel and efficient methodology for the C-C bond forming radical cyclization of hydrophobic substrates in water, ORG LETT, 3(8), 2001, pp. 1157-1160
The combination of water-soluble radical initiator 2,2' azobis[2-(2-imidazo
lin-2-yl)propane] (VA-061), water soluble chain carrier 1-ethylpiperidine h
ypophosphite (EPHP), and surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) w
as found to be the most suitable condition for effective radical cyclizatio
n in water for a variety of hydrophobic substrates.