This essay highlights the experience of British North America during the Vi
ctorian age as a case study in the complex relationship between science and
empire. It analyzes the development of geology as a Victorian (and highly
imperialistic) science in colonial Canada, in three chronological phases. D
uring each, the study of geology helped to structure an imperial-colonial d
ialogue that reflected changing mutual perceptions and relationships. As co
lonists undertook geological exploration and interpretation, they modified
imperial institutions to suit their goals. They also absorbed the means by
which to colonize other peoples and regions. Tn this sense, the quintessent
ial Victorian science exerted powerful cultural influences, transforming ne
w landscapes into readable texts that redefined the future.