A cyclic element characterization of monotone normality

A subcontinuum g of a locally connected continuum X is a cyclic element of X provided that g is maximal with respect to the property that no point sep arates it. In an earlier paper, Cornette showed that a locally connected co ntinuum is the continuous image of an are if and only if each cyclic elemen t of X is the continuous image of an are. In this paper we prove the analog ous theorem for monotonically normal continua by showing that a locally con nected continuum X is monotonically normal if and only if each cyclic eleme nt of X is monotonically normal.