Whereas endosomes connect with both exocytic and endocytic organelle via ex
tensive lipid and protein traffic, each endosome has a distinct lipid and p
rotein composition. Recent observations suggest that different lipid membra
ne domains exist even in the same endosome. These lipid domains, together w
ith low pH milieu, may present a variety of micro-environments to cargo mol
ecules. Evidence is accumulating which suggests that the alteration of thes
e lipid microdomains may be involved in a number of pathological conditions
.