Nonfarm employment and poverty in rural El Salvador

This payer analyzes two complementary data sets to study poverty and the no nfarm sector in rural El Salvador. We find that I ural poverty in El Salvad or remains acute and significantly higher than in urban areas. While the ru ral poor are mainly agricultural laborers and marginal farmers, some nonfar m activities are also of importance to the poor. In fact, nonfarm activitie s in El Salvador account for a significant share of rural employment and in come For both the poor and the nonpoor. The poor, on the one hand, are enga ged in last resort" nonfarm activities that are not associated with high le vels of labor productivity. The nonpoor, on the other, are engaged in produ ctive nonfarm activities which are likely to present a potent force for upw ard mobility. Significant correlates of these high-productivity occupations include education, infrastructure, location, and gender. While most of the analysis is at the household level, the data also permit some focus oil sm all-scale rural enterprise activities. It appears that in El Salvador very few rural enterprises report utilizing Formal credit in setting up their ac tivities. In addition, a significant proportion of enterprises are engaged in subcontracting arrangements with some larger, often urban-based, firm. ( C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.