Molecular pharmacology of T-type Ca2+ channels

Over the past few years increasing attention has been focused on T-type cal cium channels and their possible physiological and pathophysiological roles . Efforts toward elucidating the exact role(s) of these calcium channels ha ve been hampered by the lack of T-type specific antagonists, resulting in t he subsequent use of less selective calcium channel antagonists. In additio n, the activity of these blockers often varies with cell or tissue type, as well as recording conditions. This review summarizes a variety of compound s that exhibit varying degrees of blocking activity towards T-type Ca2+ cha nnels. It is designed as an aid for researchers in need of antagonists to s tudy the biophysical and pathological nature of T-type channels, as well as a starting point for those attempting to develop potent and selective anta gonists of the channel.