Identifying framework titanium in TS-1 zeolite by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy

Framework titanium in Ti-silicalite-1 (TS-1) zeolite was selectively identi fied by its resonance Raman bands using ultraviolet (W) Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra of the TS-1 and silicalite-1 zeolites were obtained and comp ared using continuous wave laser lines at 244, 325, and 488 nm as the excit ation sources. It was only with the excitation at 244 nm that resonance enh anced Raman bands at 490, 530, and 1125 cm(-1) appeared exclusively for the TS-1 zeolite. Furthermore, these bands increased in intensity with the cry stallization time of the TS-1 zeolite. The Raman bands at 490, 530, and 112 5 cm(-1) are identified as the framework titanium species because they only appeared when the laser excites the charge-transfer transition of the fram ework titanium species in the TS-1. No resonance Raman enhancement was dete cted for the bands of silicalite-1 zeolite and for the band at 960 cm(-1) o f TS-1 with any of the excitation sources ranging from the visible tb UV re gions. This approach can be applicable for the identification of other tran sition metal ions substituted in the framework of a zeolite or any other mo lecular sieve.