Microarray applications in neuroscience

Advances in all facets of technology from molecular biology to imaging and computational biology offer unprecedented opportunities for improving our u nderstanding of the brain in health and disease. Oligonucleotide and cDNA m icroarray analysis, using a variety of "DNA chips," is a recently developed high-throughput technique that allows for tour-de-force analysis of gene e xpression. We review this powerful technique, developed in genetics laborat ories, with reference to applications in neurologic diseases in humans and the use of animal models. The typical microarray experiment is multistaged and includes preparation or purchase of arrays, preparation of target DNA a nd probe, target DNA hybridization, microarray scanning, and image analysis . The power and pitfalls of this technology are discussed in the context of neuroscience paradigms. Since unprecedented amounts of data are produced f rom microarray experiments, bioinformatics and modeling expertise are incre asingly becoming critical components of this approach. (C) 2001 Academic Pr ess.