Risk-oriented safety evaluation of the CAREM-25 prototype reactor

Construction of the CAREM-25 full-size prototype, a very low power nuclear power station [25 MW(electric)], is scheduled to begin in Argentina in 2001 . The CAREM-25 is designed based on principles of inherent safety passive s afety functions, and ease of operation. This paper analyzes the safety phil osophy from the point of view of risk by performing a level-III probabilist ic safety assessment (PSA) of this prototype. The specific PSA steps are di scussed, including a specially developed method to obtain representative in itiating events, system analysis by fault trees, event development in event trees, plant and containment response analysis, containment event tree dev elopment, consequence calculations, and risk representation. The PSA result s are presented and discussed in terms of their own values as well as in co mparison to other PSA results performed for larger nuclear power plants (NP Ps). The advantages of the CAREM-25 from the risk point of view are studied in terms of the effective reduction of both the probability of severe acci dent sequences and the potential consequences of such sequences (radiologic al and emergency preparedness impact). The risk point of view also provides a perspective to analyze the impact of several design modifications in ord er to further reduce the residual risk of the NPP. These design modificatio ns, several of which have already been included in the prototype, are discu ssed and evaluated.