Many landforms are geologically youthful. Most, though by no means all
, are comparatively minor but several, like gullies, are widely distri
buted. Some are the work of processes that have been active over sever
al centuries or a few millennia. Some may have formed under the influe
nce of a single set of climatically induced processes, but others are
genetically more complex. Other recent landforms represent the culmina
tion of processes that have long been active but which until recently
had no surface expression. Yet others result from meteorological event
s acting on land surfaces rendered vulnerable by separate, in some ins
tances clearly non-climatic, events. Even those forms which are climat
ically triggered are genetically complex and many are related to meteo
rological episodes rather than secular climatically induced processes.
The climatic interpretation of landforms is as complex in the short t
erm as it is in the long.