Testing a blowing snow model against distributed snow measurements at Upper Sheep Creek, Idaho, United States of America

In this paper a physically based snow transport model (SnowTran-3D) was use d to simulate snow drifting over a 30 m grid and was compared to detailed s now water equivalence (SWE) surveys on three dates within a small 0.25 km(2 ) subwatershed, Upper Sheep Creek. Two precipitation scenarios and two vege tation scenarios were used to carry out four snow transport model runs in o rder to (1) evaluate the blowing snow model, (2) evaluate the sensitivity o f the snow transport model to precipitation and vegetation inputs, and (3) evaluate the linearity of snow accumulation patterns and the utility of the drift factor concept in distributed snow modeling. Spatial comparison meth ods consisted of (1) pointwise comparisons of measured and modeled SWE, (2) visual comparisons of the spatial maps, (3) comparisons of the basin-wide average SWE, (4) comparisons of zonal average SWE in accumulation and scour zones, and (5) comparisons of distribution functions. We found that the ba sin average modeled SWE was in reasonable agreement with observations and t hat visually the spatial pattern of snow accumulation was well represented except for a pattern shift. Pointwise comparisons between the modeled and o bserved SWE maps displayed significant errors. The distribution functions o f SnowTran-3D-modeled drift factors from two precipitation scenarios on thr ee dates were compared with the distribution function of observation-based drift factors obtained previously by calibration to evaluate the assumption of linearity. We found only a 14% reduction in explained variance in the d istribution function of drift factors for a 69% increase in precipitation, suggesting that the simplification provided by the use of drift factor dist ributions will result in errors that are tolerable in many cases.