The topography and structure of corpuscular mechanoreceptors in the shoulde
r joint capsule and periarticular connective tissue of a small laboratory m
arsupial (monodelphis domestica) were studied using light and electron micr
oscopy. This animal is known to use its upper extremities for a wide range
of activities like climbing and manipulating food. Thus, the shoulder joint
of this animal species has a similar wide range of movement as the human s
houlder joint, but is small enough for serial sectioning in its entirety. S
ilver stained serial paraffin sections were examined under the light micros
cope and the distribution of the different types of mechanoreceptors was re
constructed using three-dimensional image processing. In addition, selected
mechanoreceptors were studied electron microscopically. Approximately 100
small lamellated corpuscles were found in the dense connective tissue of th
e joint capsule close to the insertion on the scapula and in the thickening
of the joint capsule close to the glenoid labrum. Ruffini corpuscles were
found in much smaller numbers in the moderately dense connective tissue of
the axillary region. Only very few Vater-Pacinian corpuscles were seen in t
he soft periarticular connective tissue. The large number and localization
of mechanoreceptor corpuscles in the shoulder joint capsule especially clos
e to the glenoid labrum suggests, that these specialized nerve endings are
likely to play an important role in control of joint movement. They can ind
uce protective reflexes during extreme movements in the shoulder joint prev
enting shoulder luxation by increasing the tone of muscles pressing the hum
erus head into the glenoid cavity. Anat Rec 263: 35-40, 2001. (C) 2001 Wile
y-Liss, Inc.