Molecular basis of ethnic differences in drug disposition and response

Ethnicity is an important demographic variable contributing to interindivid ual variability in drug metabolism and response. In this rapidly expanding research area many genetic factors that account for the effects of ethnicit y on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug safety have been identifi ed. This review focuses on recent developments that have improved understan ding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for such interethnic differenc es. Genetic variations that may provide a molecular basis for ethnic differ ences in drug metabolizing enzymes (CYP 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4), drug tran sporter (P-glycoprotein), drug receptors (adrenoceptors), and other functio nally important proteins (eNOS and G proteins) are discussed. A better unde rstanding of the molecular basis underlying ethnic differences in drug meta bolism, transport, and response will contribute to improved individualizati on of drug therapy.