Monitoring the duration of antigen-receptor occupancy by calcineurin/glycogen-synthase-kinase-3 control of NF-AT nuclear shuttling

Recent structural studies have supported a kinetic model of TCR activation, raising the question of how the duration of receptor occupancy is translat ed into activation of immune response genes. We summarize evidence that the cytoplasmic-to-nuclear shuttling of NF-ATc family members monitors the dur ation of receptor occupancy.