We evaluated hypotheses of senescence in old trees by comparing putative bi
omarkers of aging in Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) ranging
in age from 23 to 4713 years. To lest a hypothesis that water and nutrient
conduction is impaired in old trees we examined cambial products in the xyl
em and phloem. We found no statistically significant age-related changes in
tracheid diameter, or in several other parameters of xylem and phloem rela
ted to cambial function. The hypothesis of continuously declining annual sh
oot growth increments was tested by comparing trees of varying ages in rega
rd to stem unit production and elongation. No statistically significant age
-related differences were found. The hypothesis that aging results from an
accumulation of deleterious mutations was addressed by comparing pollen via
bility, seed weight, seed germinability, seedling biomass accumulation, and
frequency of putative mutations, in trees of varying ages. None of these p
arameters had a statistically significant relationship to tree age. Thus, w
e found no evidence of mutational aging. It appears that the great longevit
y attained by some Great Basin bristlecone pines is unaccompanied by deteri
oration of meristem function in embryos, seedlings, or mature trees, an int
uitively necessary manifestation of senescence. We conclude that the concep
t of senescence does not apply to these trees. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science In
c. All rights reserved.