Direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy with small bowel enteroscopy and fluoroscopy

Background: Approaches to the creation of a percutaneous jejunostomy (PEJ) include enteroscopy with jejunal transillumination, fluoroscopy with small bowel distension and tract dilation, and jejunal enteral tube placement thr ough a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Although all have been successf ul, the combination of enteroscopy and fluoroscopy may improve visualizatio n and the success of PEJ placement. This is a description of such a techniq ue and its successful use in 7 patients. Methods: The procedure was performed with the patient under conscious sedat ion in a manner similar to standard PEG placement, The proximal jejunum was visualized and a standard snare was passed though the enteroscope and was opened. A needle and guidewire were directed percutaneously though the snar e by using fluoroscopic guidance. Under direct endoscopic visualization the snare was closed around the guidewire, A standard 20F push-type "gastrosto my" tube was passed over the guidewire and through the mouth and the dome s eated in the jejunum, A bumper was passed externally over the tube and tigh tened at the skin. Results: PEJ placement was successful in all 7 patients. The average length of the procedure was 40 minutes (range 22-64 minutes). There were no major complications. Mean follow-up was 124 days (range 28-308 days). Feeding tu bes remained functional until removal (2), death (1), or surgical removal f or an unrelated reason (1). Three tubes are still in use. Conclusion: Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube placement can be perfo rmed successfully with enteroscopy and fluoroscopy. This technique is safe and efficient and provides distal enteral nutritional support for patients in whom PEG cannot be used.