Volume integral equation solution of extinction cross section by raindropsin the range 0.6-100 GHz

The validity of the volume integral equation formulation (VIEF) is validate d for the purpose of estimating the extinction cross section (ECS) of raind rops. The validations are performed against two well-established models. Th e validated volume integral equation model is employed to calculate extinct ion cross sections of raindrops specified by a modified Pruppacher and Fitt er (MPP) model. Data are given for drops with mean radii between 0.25 to 3. 5 mm in the frequency range 0.6 to 100 GHz, Our study has shelved that resu lts of the extinction cross section for vertical and horizontal polarizatio ns can be used to predict rain attenuation in wireless communications.