Recent developments in process simulation for bulk farming processes

In this paper, certain critical issues and associated methodologies to deve lop a three dimensional Finite Element based code for bulk forming simulati ons are addressed and described. Since heat treatment is a typical post-for ging process to improve thf micro-structure and mechanical properties, effo rts have also been made to develop capabilities for the heat treatment appl ications. Several forming and heat treatment applications are presented to demonstrate the capability of the Finite Element Modeling technique. (C) 20 01 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.