H. Ishida et al., Molecular design and synthesis of artificial ion channels based on cyclic peptides containing unnatural amino acids, J ORG CHEM, 66(9), 2001, pp. 2978-2989
A series of novel cyclic. peptides composed of 3 to 5 dipeptide units with
alternating natural-unnatural amino acid units, have been designed and synt
hesized, employing 5-(N-alkanoylamino)-3-aminobenzoic acid with a long alka
noyl chain as the unnatural amino acid. All cyclic peptides with systematic
ally varying pore size, shape, and lipophilicity are found to form ion chan
nels with a conductance of ca. 9 pS in aqueous KCl (500 mM) upon examinatio
n by the voltage clamp method. These peptide channels are cation selective
with the permeability ratio PCl-/PK+ of around 0.17. The ion channels forme
d by the neutral, cationic, and anionic cyclic peptides containing L-alanin
e, L-lysine, and L-aspartate, respectively, show the monovalent cation sele
ctivity with the permeability ratio PNa+,/PK+ of ca. 0.39. On the basis of
structural information provided by voltage-dependent blockade of the single
channel current of all the tested peptides by Ca2+, we inferred that each
channel is formed from a dimer of the peptide with its peptide ring constru
cting the channel entrance and its alkanoyl chains lining across the membra
ne to build up the channel pore. The experimental results are consistent wi
th an idea that the rate of ion conduction is determined by the nature of t
he hydrophobic alkanoyl chain region, which is common to all the channels.