We have previously shown that Sox18 is expressed in developing vascular end
othelium and hair follicles during mouse embryogenesis and that point mutat
ions in Sox18 are the underlying cause of cardiovascular and hair follicle
defects in ragged (Ra) mice. Here we describe the analysis of Sox18(-/-) mi
ce produced by gene targeting. Despite the profound defects seen in Ra mice
, Sox18(-/-) mice have no obvious cardiovascular defects and only a mild co
at defect with a reduced proportion of zigzag hairs. A reduction in the amo
unt of pheomelanin pigmentation in hair shafts was also observed; later-for
ming hair follicles showed a reduced subapical pheomelanin band, giving Sox
18(-/-) mice a slightly darker appearance than Sox18(+/+) and Sox18(+/-) si
blings. Sox18(-/-) mire are viable and fertile and show no difference in th
e ability to thrive relative to littermates. Because of the mild effect of
the mutation on the phenotype of Sox18(-/-) mice, we conclude that the semi
dominant nature of the Ra mutations is due to a trans-dominant negative eff
ect mediated by the mutant SOX18 proteins rather than haploinsufficiency as
has been observed for other SOX genes. Due to the similarity of SOX18 to o
ther subgroup F SOX proteins, SOX7 and -17, and the overlap in expression o
f these genes, functional redundancy amongst these SOX proteins could also
account for the mild phenotype of Sox18(-/-) mice.