K. Juneau et al., Structural basis of the enhanced stability of a mutant ribozyme domain anda detailed view of RNA-solvent interactions, STRUCTURE, 9(3), 2001, pp. 221-231
Background: The structure of P4-P6, a 160 nucleotide domain of the self-spl
icing Tetrahymena thermophila intron, was solved previously. Mutants of the
P4-P6 RNA that form a more stable tertiary structure in solution were rece
ntly isolated by successive rounds of in vitro selection and amplification.
Results: We show that a single-site mutant (Delta C209) possessing greater
tertiary stability than wild-type P4-P6 also crystallizes much more rapidly
and under a wider variety of conditions. The crystal structure provides a
satisfying explanation for the increased stability of the mutant; the delet
ion of C209 allows the adjacent bulged adenine to enter the P4 helix and fo
rm an A-G base pair, presumably attenuating the conformational flexibility
of the helix. The structure of another mutant (Delta A210) was also solved
and supports this interpretation. The crystals of Delta C209 diffract to a
higher resolution limit than those of wild-type RNA (2.25 Angstrom versus 2
.8 Angstrom), allowing assignment of innersphere and outersphere coordinati
on contacts for 27 magnesium ions. Structural analysis reveals an intricate
solvent scaffold with a preponderance of ordered water molecules on the in
side rather than the surface of the folded RNA domain.
Conclusions: In vitro evolution facilitated the identification of a highly
stable, structurally homogeneous mutant RNA that was readily crystallizable
. Analysis of the structure suggests that improving RNA secondary structure
can stabilize tertiary structure and perhaps promote crystallization. In a
ddition, the higher resolution model provides new details of metal ion-RNA
interactions and identifies a core of ordered water molecules that may be i
ntegral to RNA tertiary structure formation.