The synthesis of carboxylic acids from alkenes. carbon monoxide and water a
ccording to the Koch process is usually carried out in a stirred gas-liquid
-liquid multiphase reactor. Due to the complex reaction system with fast, e
quilibrium reactions and fast, irreversible reactions the yield and product
distribution depend on a number of process parameters. The effect of some
of these parameters was studied for the production of pivalic acid, using s
ulfuric acid as a catalyst. For the 96 wt.% sulfuric acid catalyst solution
used the main reactions are relatively fast with respect to mass transfer
and mixing. Therefore, aspects like the position of the injection point, in
let concentration, agitation intensity and injection rate all influence the
yield obtained. The presence of an inert organic liquid phase was found to
be beneficial, due to a combined effect of enhanced gas-liquid mass transf
er and a 'local supply' effect for carbon monoxide near the hydrocarbon rea
ctant inlet. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.