A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH ON HUSBAND VIOLENCE .3. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, RELATIONSHIP FACTORS, AND DIFFERING CONSEQUENCES OF HUSBAND-AND-WIFE VIOLENCE

This is the third, and final, article in a series reviewing the curren tly available empirical literature an the problem of husband violence. In the first two papers, we reviewed research on male batterers (Holt zworth-Munroe, Bates, Smutzler; di Sandin 1995) and research on the ef fects of marital violence on bartered women and their children (Holtzw orth-Munroe, Smutzler; & Sandin, 1995). Those papers primarily reviewe d psychological correlates of violence at the level of the individual. Specifically, considering a variety of psychological variables, we ex amined how maritally violent and nonviolent men differ; how battered a nd nonbattered women differ, and how children growing up in maritally violent home differ from children in nonviolent homes. This final pape r is designed to review variables that often are not considered to be individual difference or psychological variables. First, we will exami ne some of the sociodemographic correlates of marital violence. Second , we will review dyadic or relationship level variables-variables that emerge as important in studies comparing couples experiencing husband violence to nonviolent couples. Finally, since we are introducing the concept of dyadic level variables, introducing the possible role of w ives in husband violence, we felt it necessary to add a section review ing the evidence that husband and wife violence have differing consequ ences. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.