The fission yeast copper-sensing transcription factor Cuf1 regulates the copper transporter gene expression through an Ace1/Amt1-like recognition sequence

Transcriptional regulation of genes encoding critical components of copper transport is essential for copper homeostasis and growth in yeast. Analysis of regulatory regions in the promoter of the ctr4(+) copper transporter ge ne in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe reveals the identity of a con served copper-signaling element (CuSE), which is recognized by the transcri ption factor Cuf1. We demonstrate that CuSE is necessary for transcriptiona l activation in response to copper deprivation conditions. Interestingly, t he CuSE element bears a strong sequence similarity to the recognition site, denoted MRE (metal regulatory element), which is recognized by a distinct class of copper sensors required for copper detoxification, including Ace1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Amt1 from Candida glabrata. When a consen sus MRE from S. cerevisiae is introduced into S. pombe, transcription is in duced by copper deprivation in a Cuf1-dependent manner, similar to regulati on by Mad, the nuclear sensor for regulating the expression of genes encodi ng components involved in copper transport in S. cerevisiae. UV-cross-linki ng experiments show that the Cuf1 protein directly binds the CuSE. These re sults demonstrate that the Cuf1 nutritional copper-sensing factor possesses a module that functions similarly to domains found in the Ace1/Amt1 class of metalloregulatory factors, which allows the protein to act through a clo sely related MRE-like sequence to regulate copper transport gene expression in S. pombe.