The density and distribution of mast cells was assessed in skin biopsies of
118 untreated leprosy cases and 20 healthy individuals taken as controls.
Mast cells were present in only small numbers in the skin biopsies of healt
hy individuals. Significantly higher mast cell counts were obtained in the
skin lesions of indeterminate leprosy (P < 0.01). The mast cell count in th
e tuberculoid group was significantly lower than that in the lepromatous gr
oup (P < 0.05). The lepromatous group also showed increased mast cell degra
nulation and altered morphology. The mast cell distribution in the skin bio
psies of the two groups was, however, similar. The mast cell count in lepro
sy is probably determined by the pattern of cytokines released hy the T lym
phocytes. However, the influence of mast cells on the outcome of the diseas
e needs to be evaluated further.