Bistatic scattering coefficient from one- and two-dimensional random surfaces using the stationary phase and scalar approximation with shadowing effect: comparisons with experiments and application to the sea surface

In this paper, the bistatic scattering coefficient from one- and two-dimens ional random surfaces using the stationary phase method and scalar approxim ation with shadowing effect is investigated. Both of these approaches use t he Kirchhoff integral. With the stationary phase, the bistatic cross sectio n is formulated in terms of the surface height joint characteristic functio n where the shadowing effect is investigated. In the case of the scalar app roximation, the scattering function is computed from the previous character istic function and in terms of expected values for the integrations over th e slopes, where the shadowing effect is analysed analytically. Both of thes e formulations are compared with experimental data obtained from a Gaussian one-dimensional randomly rough perfectly-conducting surface. With the stat ionary-phase method, the results are applied to a two-dimensional sea surfa ce.