Bl. Cheng et Mj. Reece, Stress relaxation and estimation of activation volume in a commercial hardPZT piezoelectric ceramic, B MATER SCI, 24(2), 2001, pp. 165-167
The stress relaxation of ferroelectric/piezoelectric material was studied u
sing compression testing. The deformation was produced by the switching of
ferroelectric domains. The internal stresses were estimated by decremental
stress relaxation during unloading. The results were interpreted in terms o
f reversible and irreversible switching of the domains.