The determinants of sulfur emissions from oil consumption in Swedish manufacturing industry, 1976-1995

Using a structural decomposition analysis, we analyze the causes of a reduc tion in sulfur emissions originating from oil consumption in the manufactur ing industry in Sweden during 1976-1995. The Swedish case is of interest si nce Sweden has pursued an ambitious policy to combat the precursors of acid rain. Between 1989 and 1995, about 59 percent of the reduction in sulfur e missions from manufacturing can be attributed to the announcement and imple mentation of a Swedish sulfur tax. Two thirds of the reduction during 1976- 1995 is captured by substitution between oil and other energy sources. The price of electricity also has had a significant effect via substitution bet ween oil and electricity. Furthermore, one third of the reduction during 19 76-1995 is explained by decreased energy intensity.