Application of the Life Cycle Assessment methodology to agricultural production: an example of sugar beet production with different forms of nitrogenfertilisers

The suitability of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to analyse t he environmental impact of agricultural production is investigated. The fir st part of an LCA is an inventory of all the resources used and emissions r eleased due to the system under investigation. In the following step, i.e. the Life Cycle Impact Assessment the inventory data were analysed and aggre gated in order to finally get one index representing the total environmenta l burden. For the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) the Eco-indicator 95 method has been chosen, because this is a well-documented and regularly app lied impact assessment method. The resulting index is called Eco-indicator value. The higher the Eco-indicator value the stronger is the total environ mental impact of an analysed system. A sugar beet field experiment conducte d in northeastern Germany was chosen as an example for the analysis. In thi s experiment three different nitrogen fertilisers (calcium ammonium nitrate = CAN, urea ammonium nitrate solution = UAN, urea) were used at optimum N rates. The obtained Eco-indicator values were clearly different for the N f ertilisers used in the sugar beet trial. The highest value was observed for the system where urea was used as N source. The lowest Eco-indicator value has been calculated for the CAN system. The differences are mainly due to different ammonia volatilisation after application of the N fertilisers. Fo r all the systems the environmental effects of acidification and eutrophica tion contributed most to the total Eco-indicator value. The results show th at the LCA methodology is basically suitable to assess the environmental im pact associated with agricultural production. A comparative analysis of the system's contribution to global warming, acidification, eutrophication and summer smog is possible. However, some important environmental issues are missing in the Eco-indicator 95 method (e.g. the use of resources and land) . (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.