During winter, the temperature of the water overlying the shallow, typicall
y 2-5 m deep,'shelf' region around the edge of the 310 m deep Lake Geneva f
alls more rapidly than that over deeper areas. This causes the spilling or
'cascading' of relatively dense water from the shallows down the sloping si
des of the lake in the form of gravity currents, 2 - 15 m thick and typical
ly 0.1 degreesC cooler than the ambient. The flow is intermittent with 'slu
gs' of cold water lasting, on average, for 8 hrs with mean downslope speeds
of 5.2 cms(-1) The temperature and thickness of the slugs is however varia
ble, with pulses of colder water lasting for 1-3 hrs, each preceded by a 'f
ront' in which thickness increases and temperature falls by about 0.01 degr
eesC per min. The net volume flux carried by the 'slugs' is 18.5 times the
mean winter flow into the lake from rivers.