Jb. Levitt et al., Visual response properties of neurons in the LGN of normally reared and visually deprived macaque monkeys, J NEUROPHYS, 85(5), 2001, pp. 2111-2129
It is now well appreciated that parallel retino-geniculo-cortical pathways
exist in the monkey as in the cat, the species in which parallel visual pat
hways were first and most thoroughly documented. What remains unclear is pr
ecisely how many separate pathways pass through the parvo- and magnocellula
r divisions of the macaque lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), what relations
hips-homologous or otherwise-these pathways have to the cat's X, Y, and W p
athways, and whether these are affected by visual deprivation. To address t
hese issues of classification and trans-species comparison, we used achroma
tic stimuli to obtain an extensive set of quantitative measurements of rece
ptive field properties in the parvo- and magnocellular laminae of the LGN o
f nine macaque monkeys: four normally reared and five monocularly deprived
of vision by lid suture near the time of birth. In agreement with previous
studies, we find that on average magnocellular neurons differ from parvocel
lular neurons by having shorter response latencies to optic chiasm stimulat
ion, greater sensitivity to luminance contrast, and better temporal resolut
ion. Magnocellular laminae are also distinguished by containing neurons tha
t summate luminance over their receptive fields nonlinearly (Y cells) and w
hose temporal response phases decrease with increasing stimulus contrast (i
ndicative of a contrast gain control mechanism). We found little evidence f
or major differences between magno- and parvocellular neurons on the basis
of most spatial parameters except that at any eccentricity, the neurons wit
h the smallest receptive field centers tended to be parvocellular. All para
meters were distributed unimodally and continuously through the parvo- and
magnocellular populations, giving no indications of subpopulations within e
ach division. Monocular deprivation led to clear anatomical effects: cells
in deprived-eye laminae were pale and shrunken compared with those in nonde
prived eye laminae, and Cat-301 immunoreactivity in deprived laminae was es
sentially uniformly abolished. However, deprivation had only subtle effects
on the response properties of LGN neurons. Neurons driven by the deprived
eye in both magno- and parvocellular laminae had lower nonlinearity indices
(i.e., summed signals across their receptive fields more linearly) and wer
e somewhat less responsive. In magnocellular laminae driven by the deprived
eye, neuronal response latencies to stimulation of the optic chiasm were s
lightly shorter than those in the nondeprived laminae, and receptive field
surrounds were a bit stronger. No other response parameters were affected b
y deprivation, and there was no evidence for loss of a specific cell class
as in the cat.