Two cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis associated with neurological involve
ment, one with encephalitis (defined by abnormal neurological signs, cerebr
ospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and detection of rotavirus genomic nucleic
acid in the CSF) and one with a non-inflammatory encephalopathy (defined by
abnormal neurological signs, an entirely normal CSF and detection of rotav
irus genomic nucleic acid in the CSF), are presented and used as a basis to
review and explore potential pathogenetic mechanisms, including direct vir
al replication within neurons and indirect effects of the newly described r
otavirus 'enterotoxin'.