We use atom-tracking scanning tunneling microscopy to study the diffusion o
f Pd in the Pd/Cu(001) surface alloy as a function of temperature. By follo
wing the motion of individual Pd atoms incorporated in the surface, we show
that Pd diffuses by a vacancy-exchange mechanism. We measure an activation
energy for the diffusion of incorporated Pd atoms of 0.88 eV. which is in
good agreement with our ab initio calculated energy of 0.94 eV.