Diagnosis of early HIV-1 infection

The diagnosis of acute infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pr esents a challenge for the primary care provider. We present a case of earl y HIV infection and discuss the limitations of the currently established di agnostic algorithm for HIV infection. We conclude that alternative diagnost ic testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA is warranted in certain clinical settings. Appropriate, early diagnosis of HIV infectio n may improve the patient's outcome and provide additional public health be nefits by reducing transmission of disease.