How is the liver primed or sensitized for alcoholic liver disease?

This article represents the proceedings of a symposium at the 2000 ISBRA Me eting in Yokohama, Japan. The chairs were Hidekazu Tsukamoto and Yoshiyuki Takei. The presentations were (1) Tribute to Professor Rajendar K. Chawla, by Craig J. McClain; (2) Dysregulated TNF signaling in alcoholic liver dise ase, by Craig J. McClain, S. Joshi-Barve, D. Hill, J Schmidt, I. Deaciuc, a nd S. Barve; (3) The role of mitochondria in ethanol-mediated sensitization of the liver, by Anna Colell, Carmen Garcia-Ruiz, Neil Kaplowitz, and Jose C. Fernandez-Checa; (4) A peroxisome proliferator (bczafibrate) can preven t superoxide anion release into hepatic sinusoid after acute ethanol admini stration, by Hirokazu Yokoyama, Yukishige Okamura, Yuji Nakamura, and Hirom asa Ishii; (5) S-adenosylmethionine affects tumor necrosis factor-a gene ex pression in macrophages, by Rajendar K. Chawla, S. Barve, S. Joshi-Barve, W . Watson, W. Nelson, and C. McClain; (6) Iron, retinoic acid and hepatic ma crophage TNF alpha gene expression in ALD, by Hidekazu Tsukamoto, Min Lin, Mitsuru Ohata, and Kenta Motomura; and (7) Role of Kupffer cells and gut-de rived endotoxin in alcoholic liver injury, by N. Enomoto, K. Ikejima, T. Ki tamura, H. Oide, Y. Takei, M. Hirose, B. U. Bradford, C. A. Rivera, H. Kono , S. Peter, S. Yamashina, A. Konno, M. Ishikawa, H. Shimizu, N. Sate, and R . Thurman.