NITRIC-OXIDE CONTRIBUTES TO SURFACTANT-INDUCED VASODILATATION IN SURFACTANT-DEPLETED NEWBORN PIGLETS

To investigate whether nitric oxide (NO) is involved in surfactant-ind uced systemic and pulmonary vasodilatation in newborn piglets with sur factant deficiency, 2-6-d-old piglets were subjected to repeated salin e lung lavages. They were then randomly assigned to one of two groups (seven in each group): the N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NA ME) group received 3 mg/kg L-NAME i.v. 45 min before endotracheal inst illation of 200 mg/kg porcine surfactant; the saline group received sa line i.v. at the same time point, and instillation of 200 mg/kg surfac tant. Mean arterial blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, pulm onary arterial pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance increased s ignificantly after injection of L-NAME (all p < 0.01), whereas the car diac index decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Saline injection did no t change any variable. Significant decreases in mean arterial blood pr essure (from a mean +/- SD of 66 +/- 10 to 53 +/- 9 mm Hg, p < 0.01), pulmonary arterial pressure (from 29 +/- 6 to 23 +/- 6 mm Hg, p < 0.01 ), and systemic vascular resistance (from 0.40 +/- 0.13 to 0.33 +/- 0. 12 mm Hg/mL/min/kg, p < 0.05) were observed only in the saline group a fter surfactant instillation, whereas the decrease in pulmonary vascul ar resistance was not significant after surfactant instillation (p = 0 .06). In contrast to the saline group, these variables were not modifi ed in the L-NAME group after surfactant instillation. We conclude that the vasodilatory effect of porcine surfactant instillation in newborn piglets with surfactant deficiency is associated with activation of N O synthase.