Human paraoxonase-3 is an HDL-associated enzyme with biological activity similar to paraoxonase-1 protein but is not regulated by oxidized lipids

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a secreted protein associated primarily with high d ensity lipoprotein (HDL) and participates in the prevention of low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Two other paraoxonase (PON) family members, na mely, PON2 and PON3, have been identified. In this study, we report the clo ning and characterization of the human PON3 gene from HepG2 cells. Tissue N orthern analysis identifies an approximate to1.3-kb transcript for PON3 pri marily in the liver. PON3-specific peptide antibodies detect an approximate to 40-kDa protein associated with HDL and absent from LDL. Pretreatment of cultured human aortic endothelial cells with supernatants from HeLa Tet On cell lines overexpressing PON3 prevents the formation of mildly oxidized L DL and inactivates preformed mildly oxidized LDL. In contrast to PON1, PON3 is not active against the synthetic substrates paraoxon and phenylacetate. Furthermore, PON3 expression is not regulated in HepG2 cells by oxidized p hospholipids and is not regulated in the livers of mice fed a high-fat athe rogenic diet.