This review examines recent work on the ideology, culture, and socio-econom
ic composition of early American militaries down to 1815. A fresh place has
been given to the role of a Native American culture of war in influencing
colonial warfare, although the exact nature of the synthesis of European an
d Indian traditions remains unclear. Social and economic investigations of
the colonial militias and the Continental Army have revealed persistent pat
terns of expectations of contractual service and subsequent effective resis
tance when those conditions were not met. Taken together these works have b
rought us closer to a deeper understanding of the links between cultures an
d military behaviour.